Head Injury: Causes, Consequences and ChallengesAbout This Hardback A head injury is an injury to the brain, skull, or scalp that can range from a mild bump or bruise to a traumatic brain injury. It includes concussions, skull fractures and scalp wounds. A head injury can also be caused by a blow to the head. The major types of head injuries are hematoma, hemorrhage, edema, skull fracture, and diffuse axonal injury. The symptoms of a head injury include a headache, lightheadedness, mild confusion,